The Infl uence of Resveratrol on the Synovial Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes

The pholyphenolic phytoalexin resveratrol (3,4 ́,5-trihydroxystilbene) is abundant in grape skins (with higher concentration in red as compared to white wine), peanuts, the roots of the weed Polygonum cuspidatum as well as in other fruits and vegetables (Cardile et al., 2007; Csaki et al., 2008). It is produced by plants in response to stress and has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Resveratrol possesses several pharmacological activities, such as anti-infl ammatory (Csaki et al., 2008; Bereswill et al., 2010), antiproliferative (Cardile et al., 2007; Gao et al., 2001, Glehr et al. 2013), pro-apoptotic (Byun et al., 2008; Glehr et al., 2013), antioxidant (Bhat et al., 2001), and cardioprotective (Lakota et al., 2009), with no obvious toxicity (Jang et al., 1997; Bhat et al., 2001; Baur and Sinclair, 2006). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic infl ammatory autoimmune disease characterized by synovial proliferation leading to cartilage and bone destruction (Lee et al., 2006). Contributing to the local production of cytokines, fi broblastlike synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA (Sipe et al., 1994; Burger et al., 2006). Cytokines such as interleukin-1β (ILThe Infl uence of Resveratrol on the Synovial Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Mathias Glehr*, Margherita Breisach, Sonja Walzer, Birgit Lohberger, Florentine Fürst, Joerg Friesenbichler, Beate Rinner, Alexander Avian, Reinhard Windhager, and Andreas Leithner